Nonminimal product differentiation as a bargaining outcome

It is well known that in a duopoly model of product choice with quadratic transportation cost, the firms locate at the extreme endpoints of the market. Jehiel (1992, Int. J. Ind. Organ, 10, 633–641) has examined this model in an infinite horizon setting where in the initial period the firms choose location and in subsequent periods charge the Nash bargaining solution prices. Then, in the unique equilibrium both firms locate at the center of the market. This paper examines the case when the firms instead charge the prices determined by either the egalitarian bargaining solution or the Kalai–Smorodinski bargaining solution. It is shown that central agglomeration is an equilibrium. Furthermore, there is a continuum of symmetric equilibria in addition where the firms locate apart from each other. So the products are not necessarily minimally differentiated. Thus different bargaining solutions provide quite different outcomes.     

Fostering Corporate Social Responsibility Through Public Initiative: From the EU to the Spanish Case

Should CSR be approached only on a voluntary basis or should it be complemented with a compulsory regulatory framework? What type of government intervention is more effective in fostering CSR among companies? This paper is an attempt to answer these questions, reviewing the debate between proponents of the voluntary case and the obligatory case for CSR, and critically analysing current international government-led initiatives to foster CSR among companies, and national government-led initiatives in the EU area. Finally, the paper focuses on the Spanish case, as an example of the failure of an exclusively voluntary approach. Despite the rapid uprise of CSR, Spain is still far behind late in CSR promotion strategies. Most action has been undertaken by companies themselves with no common guidelines, governmental support, or independent verification. The lack of a regulatory framework for CSR or ethical investment issues and the virtual absence of other indirect incentives, explains the misbalance between private, public and Third Sector initiatives. Based on the Spanish context which is quite similar to other non-OECD countries, the authors call for a more proactive government position in CSR related issues. The conclusions of the paper detail the features of this regulatory framework and other policies to promote CSR in Spain as well as in other OECD countries.     

一种联合星座和伴随式信息的迭代译码算法

针对构造性的大数逻辑可译低密度奇偶校验（LDPC）码,联合信号星座和伴随式信息,提出一种基于可靠度的迭代大数逻辑译码算法。在校验节点,直接使用伴随式信息进行传递和处理;在变量节点,结合信源端的星座映射和伴随式进行译码信息收集和处理。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,所提出的算法在保持优良译码性能的同时,具有更低的译码复杂度。     

喷泉码在认知无线电网络中的应用

认知无线电网络被认为是实现动态频谱共享、缓解频谱资源紧缺的重要途径。喷泉码能有效抵抗认知无线电网络中来自主用户的突发干扰,且无需反馈重传,从而为认知无线电网络提供了一种有效的信道编码方案。首先简介了数字喷泉码以及认知无线电网络基础知识,然后综述了数字喷泉码在认知无线电网络的链路建立、认知通信以及在资源分配中的应用现状,最后指出了在这一研究领域中需要解决的问题,并展望了发展前景。     

Spatial heterogeneity in the wage curve

Blanchflower and Oswald argue that the wage curve is a predictable empirical relationship with the “unemployment elasticity of pay” of about −0.1. Using GWR I find evidence of significant spatial heterogeneity in the unemployment elasticity of pay for US counties.     

Codes of Ethics,Orientation Programs,and the Perceived Importance of Employee Incorruptibility

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which the review of corporate ethics codes is associated with individuals’ perceptions of the importance of virtue ethics, or more specifically, employee incorruptibility. A convenience sample of individuals working for a university or one of several business organizations located in the Mountain West region of the United States was compiled with a self-report questionnaire. A usable sample of 143 persons representing both the public and private industries was secured for use in this study. The results of an analysis of covariance showed that reviewing ethics codes during employee orientation was positively related to individuals’ beliefs that incorruptibility is an important individual virtue. The managerial implications of the findings are discussed along with suggestions for future research.     

利用域间映射的多元QC-LDPC码构造

通过定义有限域间的映射关系,提出了一种低复杂度的多元准循环奇偶校验码（QC-LDPC）的构造方法。利用这种方法可将较高阶数有限域的校验矩阵映射到指定的较低有限域上,且能保持原矩阵的结构性与稀疏特性。所构造的多元LDPC码不仅具有较低的译码复杂度且具有准循环特性,在硬件上也易于用移位寄存器实现。在高斯白噪声（AWGN）信道下的仿真结果表明,所构造的多元QC-LDPC码具有良好的编译码性能。当误码率为10-6时,码率为0.765的QC-LDPC码在目标域GF(8)上能获得0.2 dB的性能增益。     

Decompositions and potentials for normal form games

A basic model of commitment is to convert a two-player game in strategic form to a “leadership game” with the same payoffs, where one player, the leader, commits to a strategy, to which the second player always chooses a best reply. This paper studies such leadership games for games with convex strategy sets. We apply them to mixed extensions of finite games, which we analyze completely, including nongeneric games. The main result is that leadership is advantageous in the sense that, as a set, the leader's payoffs in equilibrium are at least as high as his Nash and correlated equilibrium payoffs in the simultaneous game. We also consider leadership games with three or more players, where most conclusions no longer hold.